MAROKO133 Breaking ai: Scientists Say Something Bizarre Is Hiding Inside Black Holes Wajib

📌 MAROKO133 Eksklusif ai: Scientists Say Something Bizarre Is Hiding Inside Black

What’s “inside” a black hole? Are they portals to another universe, or are actually other universes in miniature? Those are fringe theories, but no one knows for certain. The incredibly heavy objects’ event horizons — the point past which nothing can escape their powerful gravitational pull, not even information itself — preclude us from knowing their interior secrets. 

Physics predicts that a point of infinite density called a singularity resides at their center, which would seem impossible, and yet it’s the best explanation that science currently has to offer.

But mathematics offers another avenue for probing the nature of these cosmic enigmas, and some theorists argue that they can be described in terms of something most of us haven’t given much thought to since grade school: prime numbers. Prime number “particles,” in fact, could swirl at their center, as outlined in a new piece in Scientific American on this emerging research.

“I’d say many high-energy physicists don’t actually know much about that side of number theory,” Eric Perlmutter, a physicist at the Institute of Theoretical Physics in France, told the magazine.

A quick refresher on prime numbers: they’re natural numbers, or positive whole numbers, that can’t be divided into smaller natural numbers. They can only be divided by one and by themselves. Crucially, that means every number can be expressed as a product of primes, making them fundamental units of mathematics; as SciAm explains, that makes prime numbers an analog to the “fundamental particles” in physics, which can’t be broken down further. 

Interest in prime numbers stems from the Riemann hypothesis, a conjecture that predicts the seemingly random distribution of prime numbers: if you count primes out in order, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, and so on, there’s no obvious pattern on when they pop up. Despite being a cornerstone of number theory since German mathematician Bernhard Riemann proposed it in 1859, the hypothesis has never been solved. (The person who does would win a million-dollar prize.)

Over 120 years later, physicist Bernard Julia jumped on the idea to imagine a fundamental, non-interacting particle with energy levels tied to prime numbers. He called these “primons” which in a group became a “primon gas.” And he further discovered that the function used to describe their properties was the same as the Riemann zeta function, a central facet behind the Riemann hypothesis.

Primons remain theoretical, but recent research suggests that they may not just be purely mathematical inventions. A study published in 2025 led by Cambridge physicists revealed that the quantum realm near a black hole singularity organized itself into a “conformal” pattern of prime numbers, like a cloud of primon gas. In a follow up paper, the researchers speculated that if the universe had five dimensions instead of the traditional four, a singularity could only be described with the help of even more exotic “Gaussian” prime numbers.

“We don’t know yet whether the appearance of prime number randomness close to a singularity has a deeper meaning,” Sean Hartnoll, the Cambridge physicist who led the research, told SciAm. “However, to my mind, it is very intriguing that the connection extends to higher dimensional theories of gravity,” including some candidates for a fully quantum mechanical theory of gravity.

Perlmutter, who published his own work using Riemann’s ideas to describe quantum gravity, is optimistic about where the field’s headed.

“The kinds of things we’re trying to understand, black holes in quantum gravity, are surely governed by some beautiful structures,” he told the magazine. “And number theory seems to be a natural language.”

More on space: Physicists Think They Saw a Black Hole Explode

The post Scientists Say Something Bizarre Is Hiding Inside Black Holes appeared first on Futurism.

🔗 Sumber: futurism.com

📌 MAROKO133 Eksklusif ai: China designs dexterous wheeled robot concept to support

Engineers in China are exploring a new robotic system designed to operate as a versatile worker on the Moon. Developed by researchers from the Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, the concept combines wheeled mobility with humanlike dexterity, allowing the machine to travel across the lunar surface while carrying out a wide range of tasks. 

These include construction work, equipment maintenance, scientific experiments, as well as collecting and analyzing lunar samples. According to the team, the robot’s mechanical design is built for flexibility and precision. Its waist can rotate roughly 180 degrees in either direction and bend forward up to 90 degrees, enabling it to reach and position tools more effectively in challenging environments. 

Meanwhile, its articulated hand offers four degrees of freedom, allowing for delicate manipulation, the researchers explained, detailing the design and its capabilities in a paper published in the Journal of Deep Space Exploration.

Advantages of wheeled locomotion for lunar operations

According to the researchers, a wheeled mobility system could give the robot a significant operational advantage on the Moon. An active suspension mounted on wheels allows the platform to move faster and remain more stable than traditional bipedal walking systems, creating a steady base for the robot’s upper body while it performs tasks. 

The team noted that China already relies on wheeled locomotion for planetary exploration, pointing to the success of its Yutu lunar rovers and the Zhurong rover on Mars. To withstand the Moon’s harsh terrain and temperatures, the robot’s wheels are expected to use a lightweight metal mesh design reinforced with steel-wire treads, the South China Morning Post reported.

This structure provides durability while maintaining flexibility and shock absorption, helping the vehicle maintain traction and travel long distances smoothly across the rugged lunar surface even in extreme cold.

Humanoid-style machines have long been considered useful for assisting astronauts in space missions. One early example is Robonaut, a project jointly developed by NASA and General Motors. In 2011, the robot became the first humanoid system deployed in orbit when it was sent to the International Space Station.

China pushes forward multinational lunar base project

China has outlined plans for a new lunar outpost that could serve as a long-term hub for scientific research and exploration. In 2021, the country proposed the creation of the International Lunar Research Station, a multinational project intended to be built near the Moon’s south pole. The facility is envisioned as a comprehensive scientific base capable of operating autonomously for extended periods, with astronauts visiting only for shorter missions while robotic systems handle much of the routine work.

Beijing is also preparing a series of missions and technologies that would pave the way for its future lunar base. One of the key steps is the upcoming Chang’e‑7 mission, scheduled to launch later this year, which will perform an in-situ investigation of possible water ice deposits in permanently shadowed craters near the Moon’s south pole.

In addition to the semi-humanoid robotic concept, the Beijing-based team has proposed another machine designed specifically for logistics. The platform features six legs and would be capable of performing a soft landing on the Moon before walking across the surface to transport cargo, forming part of a broader robotic system envisioned to help construct the future lunar research station.

🔗 Sumber: interestingengineering.com