MAROKO133 Breaking ai: Engineers use electric fields to form high-performance circuits bey

📌 MAROKO133 Update ai: Engineers use electric fields to form high-performance circ

Transistors, the fundamental building blocks of digital logic, are now being made just a few dozen atoms wide. At these incredibly small scales, traditional silicon fabrication faces significant challenges: etching such tiny features can lead to electrical interference, current leakage, and manufacturing processes so complex they are increasingly difficult to sustain. 

The decades-long strategy of cramming more transistors into the same chip area is rapidly approaching its practical limits, and conventional methods may no longer deliver consistent performance gains. 

As a result, engineers are actively exploring new materials, innovative architectures, and advanced fabrication techniques to overcome these barriers and keep pushing the boundaries of computing power.

Building circuits from 2D materials proves harder than expected

Two-dimensional semiconductors, which can be sliced down to a single atomic layer, show particular promise – materials like molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) and tungsten diselenide (WSe₂) allow efficient charge flow even when ultra-thin and can be tuned as n-type or p-type transistors, the two essential components for logic circuits.

But making circuits from these materials is still a challenge. Current methods require high temperatures, vacuum chambers, or manual nanosheet placement, making large-scale production difficult. Scaling up often results in inconsistent quality, poor alignment, or complicated fabrication that undermines the materials’ simplicity and potential.

A study published in Advanced Functional Materials now offers a new approach to building atomically thin logic circuits. The researchers combined solution-based exfoliation of 2D semiconductors with electric-field-guided assembly, allowing n-type MoS₂ and p-type WSe₂ nanosheets to be precisely positioned between predefined electrodes, Nanowerk writes.

This creates complementary logic circuits without lithography, etching, or high-temperature processes. The assembly occurs in parallel, enabling multiple devices to be fabricated on a single chip in one step, by simplifying production and preserving the performance benefits of 2D materials.

New method creates large, stable 2D nanosheets

The new method produces high-quality 2D nanosheets from bulk crystals without damaging them. Instead of harsh techniques, it uses electrochemical exfoliation: a voltage inserts large ions between crystal layers, loosening the bonds. Gentle sonication then separates the layers into stable nanosheets. These sheets remain suspended in liquid and measure over one micron across, much larger than those made with traditional mechanical methods.

The team refined the process for better results – tapered electrodes shaped the electric field and reduced stray deposition, while a 50 Hz AC signal balanced nanosheet alignment and adhesion. Additionally, a 15-second application produced 10-nanometer-thick, uniform channels.

However, even high-quality 2D materials can have atomic defects, like missing sulfur or selenium atoms, which affect electrical behavior. The researchers corrected this with a chemical treatment using the superacid bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (TFSI).

As a result, the process showed that 2D materials can form functional logic circuits and memory devices – including inverters, NAND and NOR gates, and SRAM cells – with low power use, accurate outputs, and reliable memory retention. 

🔗 Sumber: interestingengineering.com

📌 MAROKO133 Breaking ai: Nudists Declare War on SpaceX Terbaru 2025

SpaceX has lots of enemies — but this may be the most unexpected yet.

As Space.com reported, members of the American Association for Nude Recreation (AANR) — yes, that’s a real group — were among those protesting the Elon Musk-owned company’s proposed use of Kennedy Space Center on the Sunshine State’s so-called Space Coast.

Among the many potential impacts associated with bringing SpaceX to Florida — including hearing damage to local residents and flight delays across the state, per various opponents — is the repeat closure of Playalinda Beach, a remote location on the Canaveral National Seashore that’s one of Florida’s four main public beaches where nudity is legal.

Popular among the clothing-optional set, Playalinda could be closed up to 60 times per year due to Starship operations — and Deborah-Sue Stevens, a former regional director for the nudist organization’s Western branch, says those closures will harm many members of her community.

“[There are] probably a quarter million people that travel and think like I do,” Stevens said, calling into the Zoom meeting from California, “who look for destinations that are beautiful and surrounded by like-minded people.”

Erich Schuttauf, the executive director of AANR — which bills itself as the largest and longest-established nudist organization in the US with foundations dating back to 1931 — added that Playalinda closures might affect the non-nude community too.

As Schuttauf explained, nudists may end up traveling to nearby Volusia County, whose clothing-optional Apollo Beach, located further along the Canaveral shore, is also popular among those who like to sunbathe in their birthday suits.

Should Playalinda be removed as an option, Schuttauf warned, nudists may overtake Apollo and end up going over the clothing optional line, causing some decidedly Floridian conflicts between them and their clothed counterparts.

Not everyone was interested in preserving the nude beach’s current status, however. Max West, a random man quoted by Space.com who claimed during the Zoom call that he plans to move to the area to photograph Starship launches, essentially suggested that the nudists suck it up.

“The turtles and the nudists will have to migrate,” West said, presumably alluding to disputes over whether SpaceX’s rocket debris pose a hazard to endangered sea turtles . “That’s the cost that you have to pay for this incredible stuff that’s happening.”

Unfortunately, it looks like that wannabe SpaceX photographer may end up getting his way.

Although the FAA hasn’t yet completed its environmental review for SpaceX’s request to move to Florida, and has yet to determine whether Musk’s company can meet both its financial and safety requirements to operate at the Kennedy Space Center, construction of a Starship tower has nevertheless been underway for more than a year — giving the impression that approval is a foregone conclusion.

More on SpaceX: SpaceX Suddenly Seems Pretty Terrified to Launch Starship After Long String of Super Expensive Explosions

The post Nudists Declare War on SpaceX appeared first on Futurism.

🔗 Sumber: futurism.com